Desempenho e características de carcaças de fêmeas suínas alimentadas com farelo de algodão / Performance and carcass characteristics in female pigs fed with cottonseed meal / Rendimiento y características de caparazón de hembras porcinas alimentadas com harina de algodón

Objetivou-se avaliar os parâmetros de desempenho, características de carcaças e viabilidade econômica de fêmeas suínas alimentadas com diferentes níveis de inclusão do farelo de algodão (FA) nas rações. Foram utilizadas 24 fêmeas suínas, com peso vivo médio de 48,20 ± 5,44 kg (fase de crescimento) e de 87,62 ± 6,72 kg (fase de terminação). O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos (0%, 10%, 20% e 30% de inclusão de farelo de algodão), seis repetições, um animal por unidade experimental. Na fase de crescimento os parâmetros de desempenho não foram influenciados significativamente, na fase de terminação e total houve uma redução do ganho de peso e consumo de ração. Para as características de carcaça os animais apresentaram redução na espessura de toucinho e um aumento na área de olho de lombo até o nível de 13,5% de inclusão de FA. Quanto ao peso dos órgãos houve um aumento do peso do coração, fígado e rins. Conclui-se que é possível incluir o FA até o nível de 30%, sem afetar as características de desempenho na fase de crescimento, e de até 13,5% sem comprometer o rendimento de carcaças.(AU)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance, carcass characteristics and economic viability parameters in female pigs fed with different levels of cottonseed meal (CM) in the diets. Twenty-four crossbred female pigs were used, with live weight of 48.20 ± 5.44 kg (growth phase), and 87.62 ± 6.72 kg (finish phase). A completely randomized block design with four treatments (0%, 10%, 20% and 30% inclusion of cottonseed meal) was used with six replication, one animal per experimental unit. The performance parameters were not significant in the growth phase; the finish and total phase presented a reduction of weight gain and feed intake. For the carcass characteristics, the animals presented a reduction in backfat thickness, and an increase in the loin area up to 13.5% CM inclusion level. The organs showed weight increase for the heart, liver, and kidneys. It can be concluded that CM can be included in up to 30% without affecting the performance characteristics in the growth phase, and up to 13.5% without compromising the carcass characteristics.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido evaluar los parámetros de rendimiento, características de caparazón y la viabilidad económica de hembras porcinas alimentadas con diferentes niveles de inclusión de harina de algodón (HA) en las raciones. Se utilizaron veinticuatro hembras porcinas, con peso vivo promedio de 48,20 ± 5,44 kg (fase de crecimiento) y 87,62 ± 6,72 kg (fase de terminación). El diseño fue en bloques aleatorios, con cuatro tratamientos (0%, 10%, 20% y 30% de inclusión de harina de algodón), seis repeticiones, un animal por unidad experimental. En la fase de crecimiento, los parámetros de rendimiento no se vieron significativamente influenciados; en la fase de terminación y total, hubo una reducción en el aumento de peso y la ingesta de pienso. Para las características de caparazón, los animales mostraron una reducción en el espesor del tocino y un aumento en el área del ojo del lomo, hasta el nivel del 13,5% de la inclusión de HA. En cuanto al peso de los órganos, hubo un aumento en el peso del corazón, hígado y riñones. Se concluye que es posible incluir HA hasta el nivel de 30%, sin afectar las características de rendimiento en la fase de crecimiento, y de hasta un 13,5% sin comprometer el rendimiento de los caparazones.(AU)

Behavioral and physiological evaluation of sows raised in outdoors systems in the Brazilian semiarid region.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the biochemical, behavioral, and physiological parameters in pregnant sows of native and improved crossbreeds reared within a thermally stressful outdoors system. Twenty pregnant sows of two different genetic groups (native and improved lineage) were used in this research, all animals were distributed in a completely randomized design. The behavioral evaluation was organized in subdivided plots, the sub-plots were the four periods of the day (early morning, morning, afternoon, and night), and the evaluation of physiological parameters were in three periods of the day (9:00 A.M., 12:00 A.M. and 3:00 P.M.), which was conducted for three consecutive days. Blood collection was performed by retro-orbital sinus puncture 1 day before the start of behavior analysis. Glucose levels, total protein, and creatinine showed differences between improved crossbreeds and native animals. It was observed that creatinine and total protein presented larger values for the group of improved crossbreeds, while glucose levels were higher for native animals. While behavioral variables showed behavior indicative of heat stress, as more time was spent by pregnant sows of improved genotypes getting wet, searching for water and staying in outdoors, while native animals showed much more movement behavior during morning and afternoon periods. It was observed differences were observed of time for respiratory rates, while no differences were found for rectal temperature. This indicates that in a region with hot climate, it would be more possible to raise native pregnant sows, due to their rusticity and ability to acclimate to a local condition, according to behavioral evaluation and physiological parameters. Pregnant sows of improved breeding genotypes presented higher difficulties of adaptation than native sows.

Avaliação nutricional do farelo de algodão de alta energia no desempenho produtivo e características de carcaças de frangos de corte / Nutritional evaluation of cottonseed meal in high energy performance and carcass characteristics of broilers

O trabalho teve como objetivos determinar a composição química e energética do farelo de algodão produzido pela BUNGE Alimentos S/A, marca registrada como Farelo de algodão de alta energia (FAAE®) e avaliar a inclusão deste no desempenho de frangos de corte. Determinou-se a composição química, aminoacídica e energética (utilizando-se o método de coleta total de excretas, com duas coletas ao dia). Foi utilizado óxido férrico para marcar o início e o final da coleta. O nível de inclusão do alimento de teste na ração referência foi de 20 por cento. O desempenho foi avaliado com a inclusão do farelo de algodão no período de nove a 42 dias. Durante os primeiros nove dias, os pintinhos receberam ração pré-inicial comum a todas as aves. A partir do nono dia, as aves foram submetidas à dieta experimental com níveis de 3, 6, 9 e 12 por cento de inclusão do farelo de algodão. O farelo de algodão apresentou 95,91 por cento de matéria seca, 9,8 por cento de gordura, 27 por cento de proteína bruta, 4,6 por cento de cinza, 4.867kcal kg-1 de energia bruta, 1,32 por cento de lisina e 0,35 por cento de metionina. O valor de energia metabolizável aparente corrigida para nitrogênio determinado foi 1.188 kcal kg-1. Não se observou efeito no desempenho e no rendimento de carcaça dos frangos aos 42 dias de idade.

The objective of the research was to determine the chemical and energetic composition of cottonseed meal produced by BUNGE Foods Company, trademark as high energy cottonseed meal (FAAE ®) and to evaluate its inclusion in the performance of broilers. The chemical, energetic and aminoacidic composition was determined using the total excretion gathering method, with two gathers a day. It was used ferric oxide to mark the beginning and the end of the gathering. The level of inclusion of the food testing in the reference diet was 20 percent. The performance was evaluated with the inclusion of cottonseed meal in a period of 9 to 42 days. During the first nine days the poultries received pre-initial feed that were common to all birds. From the ninth day, the birds received an experimental diet with substitution levels of 3 percent, 6 percent, 9 percent and 12 percent inclusion of cottonseed meal . The cottonseed meal presented 95.91 percent of dry matter, 9.8 percent of fat, 27 percent of crude protein, 4.6 percent of ash, 4.867 kcal kg-1 of crude energy, 1.32 percent of lysine and 0.35 percent of metionine. The determined value of apparent metabolizable energy corrected to nitrogen was 1.188 kcal kg-1. It was not observed effect in the performance and carcass return of the poultry at 42 days of age.